![]() Until recently, this additional work requirement applied to people ages 18 to 49. If they fail to do so, they can only receive SNAP benefits for three months out of any 36-month period. In addition, nondisabled adults without dependents must either work or participate in a work program for 80 hours a month, or participate in a state workfare program. Failure to comply with those rules can disqualify people from getting SNAP benefits. In general, most Americans ages 16 to 59 who aren’t disabled must register with their state SNAP agency or employment office meet any work, job search or job training requirements set by their state accept a suitable job if one is offered to them and work at least 30 hours a week. What, if any, work requirements are there for receiving food stamps? In addition, there are somewhat different eligibility rules for Alaska, Hawaii, Guam and the Virgin Islands. For example, they can decide how broadly to extend its benefits to people receiving other TANF-funded benefits, whether to count vehicles as household assets, and whether to count child support payments as income. States have a certain amount of latitude in how they administer the SNAP program. In addition, households receiving other types of aid, such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) or Supplemental Security Income (SSI), may be eligible for SNAP automatically. And households of all types are limited in how much they can have in cash, investments and other assets and still qualify for SNAP. Households with older people (defined as ages 60 and older) or people with disabilities only have to meet the net income requirement. (These limits are higher in Alaska and Hawaii.) For a family of four in 2023, this works out to $3,007 in gross monthly income and $2,313 in net monthly income. In general, a household qualifies for the program if it has a gross monthly income at or below 130% of the federal poverty level as well as a net monthly income at or below 100% of the federal poverty level. The number of recipients immediately jumped from 37.2 million in March 2020 to 40.9 million one month later, and topped out in September 2020 at just over 43 million recipients, or 13% of the resident population. In March 2020, as the nation headed into COVID-19 lockdowns, Congress authorized extra SNAP benefits for recipients and suspended work and training requirements for the duration of the declared public health emergency. ![]() But that percentage rose rapidly during the Great Recession and peaked at 18.8% in fiscal 2013 – representing 23.1 million households, or 47.6 million people. households receiving SNAP benefits oscillated between about 7% and about 11%. Between fiscal years 19, the share of all U.S. ![]() Total participation has ebbed and flowed over the ensuing decades, driven both by economic conditions and changes in eligibility rules. population at the time, received SNAP benefits. That year, 12.9 million people, or 6.0% of the total U.S. It wasn’t until July 1974 that states – which share administrative duties over the program with the federal government – were required to extend it to all jurisdictions within their borders. The current food stamp program began in 1964 but took several years to ramp up. How has the number of food stamp recipients changed over time? A separate nutrition assistance program covers Puerto Rico, American Samoa and the Northern Mariana Islands. The program operates in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam and the Virgin Islands. On average, 41.2 million people in 21.6 million households received monthly SNAP benefits in the 2022 fiscal year, which ran from October 2021 through September 2022. That translates to 12.5% of the total U.S. But in April 2023, the most recent month with available figures, 41.9 million people in 22.2 million households received SNAP benefits. Finally, we obtained government expenditure data for other federal assistance programs from the Office of Management and Budget. We also used the Census Bureau’s population and household estimates in some of our analyses. We supplemented the FNS data with data from the Census Bureau’s Survey of Income and Program Participation, which focuses on the demographic and other characteristics of people and households who receive various forms of federal assistance. ![]() Department of Agriculture that administers SNAP and other food assistance programs. Our main data source was the Food and Nutrition Service, the agency of the U.S. With that in mind, we thought it was time to take an in-depth look at the program. ![]() The Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP), also known as the food stamp program, is back in the news amid recent changes enacted as part of a debt ceiling deal between President Joe Biden and House Republicans. ![]()
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